Effective height of masonry walls

Calculation of buckling lengths is based on the chapter 5.5.1.2 of EN 1996-1-1.

Effective height of masonry wall is calculated using equation

where:	*h_ef*	is the effective wall height
	*ρ_n*	is a reduction factor; bottom index represents number of restrained edges of the wall
	h	is the clear storey height of the wall

Walls restrained at the bottom

Reduction factor ρ_n is calculated using equation

Walls restrained at the top and bottom

Reduction factor ρ_n for walls restrained at the top and bottom is

Reduction factor ρ_n of the walls restrained at the top and bottom by RC slabs from both sides (or from one side with bearing of at least 2/3 thickness of the wall) with the eccentricity of the load at the top smaller than 0.25 times the wall thickness is equal to

Walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge

Reduction factor ρ_n for walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge is calculated according to the following equations:

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

where:	h	is the clear storey height of the wall
	l	is the wall length
	ρ₂	is a reduction factor for walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge

Walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge

Reduction factor ρ_n for walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge is calculated according to the following equations:

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

where:	h	is the clear storey height of the wall
	l	is the wall length
	ρ₃	is a reduction factor for walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on one vertical edge

Walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges

Reduction factor ρ_n for walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges is calculated according to the following equations:

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

where:	h	is the clear storey height of the wall
	l	is the wall length
	ρ₃	is a reduction factor for walls restrained at the bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges

Walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges

Reduction factor ρ_n for walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges is calculated according to the following equations:

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

For

is the raduction factor ρ_n calculated using equation

where:	h	is the clear storey height of the wall
	l	is the wall length
	ρ₄	is a reduction factor for walls restrained at the top and bottom and stiffened on both vertical edges

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