Nail Force
The magnitude of active earth pressure is reduced using a coefficient kn. The recommended (experimentally determined) value is kn = 0,85.
Forces transmitted by individual nails are determined such that a particular portion of the calculated earth pressure is assigned to a given bench. Each nail is then loaded by the corresponding portion of the active earth pressure.
Forces transmitted by individual nails
The nail force is provided by:
where: | b | - | nail spacing |
α | - | nail inclination | |
kn | - | reduction coefficient | |
Ta,hor | - | active earth pressure acting on a given bench |